A recent study presented at the NUTRITION 2023 conference suggests that olive oil, a fundamental component of Mediterranean cuisine, might offer more than just a delightful taste. Researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health conducted the first-of-its-kind study to explore the relationship between diet and fatal dementia risk, revealing that olive oil consumption could lead to a significant decrease in such risk.
The study spanned three decades and included data from over 90,000 Americans, with 60,582 women and 31,801 men participating. During the study, 4,749 participants died from dementia. The results indicated that individuals who consumed more than half a tablespoon of olive oil daily had a 28% lower risk of dementia-related death compared to those who rarely or never consumed olive oil. Moreover, replacing a teaspoon of margarine or mayonnaise with olive oil each day was linked to an 8% to 14% reduction in fatal dementia risk.
Although the study is observational and cannot prove causation, one of the authors, Anne-Julie Tessier, RD, PHD, suggests that the independent nature of the findings—unaffected by overall diet quality—implies something unique about olive oil's potential in protecting against dementia, possibly due to its antioxidants that can cross the blood-brain barrier.
Dementia, a condition leading to severe cognitive decline, significantly impacts daily life, and with no cure for Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia affecting over 6 million Americans, these findings hold considerable promise.
This study builds upon existing research and aligns with dietary guidelines that promote the use of olive oil as a healthier fat source. It brings hope in the battle against dementia, indicating that simple lifestyle changes like modifying our diet could play a role in preventing or slowing the progression of these devastating diseases. While further research is needed, olive oil might become an unexpected but powerful ally in our efforts to fight dementia through dietary intervention.
The study titled "Olive oil intake and fatal dementia risk in two large prospective U.S. cohort studies" was presented at the NUTRITION conference in July 2023 in Boston. The research included 60,582 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and 31,801 men from the Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study (HPFS). Participants were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at the study's start in 1990, and their diets were assessed through a food frequency questionnaire every four years, with diet quality evaluated using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI).
Over the 28-year follow-up period, the study identified 4,749 dementia-related deaths. Interestingly, individuals who died of dementia were more likely to carry the APOE ε4 genotype, a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, even after adjusting for this genetic risk, consuming more than 0.5 tablespoons (approximately 7 grams) of olive oil daily was associated with a significant 25% lower risk of fatal dementia.
These findings remained consistent regardless of overall diet quality, suggesting that the benefits of olive oil are independent of other dietary factors. Additionally, substituting small amounts of margarine or mayonnaise with equivalent amounts of olive oil demonstrated potential reductions of 5% to 12% in dementia-related death risk.
The study received funding from the National Institute of Aging R21 and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Fellowship Award, underscoring the significance of investigating dietary interventions for brain health and dementia prevention.
In conclusion, the pioneering research from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health provides evidence of olive oil's potential in reducing the risk of fatal dementia. Although further research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms fully, these findings offer hope and emphasize the importance of a healthy diet for brain health. Incorporating olive oil into our daily meals might be a simple yet effective step in the fight against devastating conditions like dementia, giving us reason to savor this precious oil and its potential role in safeguarding cognitive well-being.
